Iriminage - Yokomenuchi Kihon (Basic)
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Japanese | ε ₯θΊ«ζγ ζ¨ͺι’ζγ‘εΊζ¬η«γ‘ζ |
| Translation | Entering-body throw from side strike, basic form, standing |
| Classification | Nage-waza (Throwing techniques) > Iriminage series > Yokomenuchi variations |
| Type | Basic form (Kihon) |
Overview
Yokomenuchi Iriminage Kihon is the fundamental iriminage technique from a diagonal strike to the side of the head. It demonstrates perfect integration of deflection, atemi, and irimi (entering) principles.
This technique appears in O-Sensei's Budo (1938) and represents one of the core yokomenuchi responses. The deflection method shown here is foundational to all yokomenuchi techniques.
Historical Context
From Budo (1938)
The proper way to receive yokomenuchi is described in Budo (p. 23):
"Uke: Strike with your right hand. Shite: Advance to the left with your left foot while parrying your opponent's right hand with your left tegatana and strike his face with your right tegatana."
This description, from O-Sensei's 1938 manual, establishes the standard yokomenuchi response that continues through all yokomenuchi techniques.
Universal Yokomenuchi Principle
From Takemusu Aikido Volume 6 (Page 3142):
"All basic yokomenuchi techniques such as ikkyo through gokyo, shihonage, iriminage and so on, begin in this manner."
The entry and parry shown in this technique is the foundation for the entire yokomenuchi curriculum.
Step-by-Step Instructions
Source: Takemusu Aikido Volume 2, Pages 164-165
[1] [2] Parry and Strike
- When your partner steps forward with her right foot while executing a yokomenuchi strike with her right hand
- Step slightly forward to the left with your left foot
- Parry her right hand down with your left hand
- Strike her face with your right hand
From Budo (p. 23):
"Advance to the left with your left foot while parrying your opponent's right hand with your left tegatana and strike his face with your right tegatana."
[3] Cut Down and Enter Behind
- Step in behind your partner with your left foot
- Cut her right hand down to the right with your right hand
Critical Point: Always strike the attacking hand down from above, never from below.
[4] Take Collar
- Take her collar with your left hand
- Pull her towards your chest
O-Sensei's kuden: Pull the collar to your chest - this is universal across all iriminage.
[5] [6] Step Through and Throw
- Step through with your right foot
- Throw your partner as though pushing her neck down with your inside right elbow
- Put power into your fingertips
- Turn your arm inward
Kuden (ε£δΌ) - Oral Teachings
The Critical Hand Position: Always From Above
From Takemusu Aikido Volume 1 (Page 94):
"When doing ikkyo, nikyo, sankyo, yonkyo, iriminage, or any other technique, be sure to grab your partner's wrist from above after parrying."
And specifically for yokomenuchi (Volume 2, Page 164):
"In yokomenuchi, you should always strike your attacking partner's hand down from above, never from below (photo βΈ). This is also the case for ikkyo, nikyo, sankyo, and yonkyo."
Why this matters:
- If you approach from below, you can be struck
- From above gives superior position and control
- This mirrors sword deflection mechanics
- All yokomenuchi techniques share this principle
The Yokomenuchi Parry Method
From Budo (p. 23), repeated in Volume 2 (p. 164):
"Uke: Strike with your right hand. Shite: Advance to the left with your left foot while parrying your opponent's right hand with your left tegatana and strike his face with your right tegatana."
This is O-Sensei's explicit instruction on yokomenuchi response:
- Advance with left foot (not away, toward)
- Parry with left tegatana (hand blade)
- Strike face with right tegatana (simultaneous counter)
This three-element response is fundamental to all yokomenuchi work.
The Collar Pull to Chest
From Volume 2 (Page 164):
"Take her collar with your left hand and pull her towards your chest."
This is identical to shomenuchi iriminage:
- Collar must connect to your center
- Pull to chest, not hold away from body
- This control is essential for successful throw
Footwork and Entry
The entry behind the partner is critical:
- Left foot steps deeply behind
- This puts you at the "dead angle" (where opponent cannot strike)
- Same as sword combat positioning
Riai (ηε) - Sword Connection
Yokomenuchi as Sword Strike
Yokomenuchi specifically represents:
- Diagonal downward sword cut to side of head
- One of the primary sword strikes (kesagiri - diagonal cut)
- Must be treated with same respect as actual sword
Deflection from Above
From Volume 2 (Page 164):
"In yokomenuchi, you should always strike your attacking partner's hand down from above, never from below (photo βΈ)."
This directly mirrors sword defense:
- If opponent's hand is a sword, approaching from below gets you cut
- You must deflect from superior position (above)
- This is identical to sword-on-sword deflection
Tegatana (Hand Blade) Usage
The term tegatana (ζε - hand blade/sword) is used explicitly in Budo's description:
"Parrying your opponent's right hand with your left tegatana and strike his face with your right tegatana."
This emphasizes:
- Hands are used as swords
- Cutting motion, not blocking
- Same angles and movements as actual sword work
Universal Beginning
From Volume 6 (Page 3142):
"All basic yokomenuchi techniques such as ikkyo through gokyo, shihonage, iriminage and so on, begin in this manner."
The yokomenuchi entry is universal because it's based on sword principles:
- Same entry for pins
- Same entry for throws (shihonage, iriminage)
- Same entry for all yokomenuchi responses
This universality comes from the sword combat reality these techniques are based on.
Entering to Dead Angle
The deep step behind opponent's right side is the sword's "dead angle":
- Position where opponent cannot cut you
- Where you can control their weapon
- Same position used in tachidori (sword taking)
Technical Details
The Initial Parry
Left Hand:
- Uses tegatana (hand blade/edge)
- Strikes diagonally down and across
- Does not "block" but deflects (active, not passive)
- From above the striking hand
Right Hand:
- Simultaneously strikes to face
- Also uses tegatana
- Creates hesitation/opening
- Sets up the control
Both together:
- Simultaneous, not sequential
- One deflects, one strikes
- This is the universal yokomenuchi response
Footwork Pattern
Photo βΆβ·:
- Left foot steps slightly forward and to the left
- About 45-degree angle
- Creates triangular entry (irimi-tenkan)
Photo βΈ:
- Left foot continues deeply behind opponent
- Large, committed step
- Takes you completely offline from further strikes
The Cutting Down Motion
Photo βΈ:
- Right hand cuts opponent's right hand down
- Movement is downward and to the right
- From above (critical!)
- Think of cutting with sword, not pushing
Hand Positions
Photo βΈ - Critical Teaching:
"You should always strike your attacking partner's hand down from above, never from below."
Wrong approach (from below):
- Puts you in line of strike
- Weak structural position
- Can't control effectively
Correct approach (from above):
- Safe from strike
- Strong structural advantage
- Effective control
Collar Control
Photo βΉ:
- Left hand takes collar from behind
- Same as all iriminage variations
- Pull to your chest (O-Sensei's kuden)
- This connection to center is essential
The Throw
Photo βΊβ»:
- Right foot steps through
- Inner elbow against neck
- Power in fingertips (not just elbow)
- Turn arm inward as you throw
Common Mistakes
1. Approaching from Below (Most Critical)
- Error: Bringing right hand under or beside opponent's striking hand
- Correction: Always from above - "never from below"
- Danger: In real sword situation, this gets you cut
- Application: Same rule for all yokomenuchi techniques
2. Blocking Instead of Deflecting
- Error: Stopping the strike with static block
- Correction: Active deflection with tegatana, cutting motion
- Principle: Think sword-on-sword deflection, not force-on-force
3. Sequential Rather Than Simultaneous
- Error: Parry first, then atemi second
- Correction: Left hand parries and right hand strikes simultaneously
- From Budo: Both actions happen "while" doing the footwork
4. Stepping Away Instead of Forward
- Error: Backing away from the strike
- Correction: "Advance to the left with your left foot"
- Principle: Irimi (entering), not retreating
5. Shallow Entry Behind
- Error: Not stepping deeply behind opponent
- Correction: Large, committed step with left foot behind opponent
- Result: Must reach the dead angle completely
6. Not Pulling Collar to Chest
- Error: Holding collar away from body
- Correction: Pull toward your chest actively
- Universal: This applies to all iriminage
7. No Power in Fingertips
- Error: Using only elbow to push neck
- Correction: Extend power through fingertips, turn arm inward
- Teaching: From all iriminage - fingertip power is essential
Relationship to Ki no Nagare Variations
Kihon (Basic) vs. Ki no Nagare (Flowing)
This technique (Kihon):
- Receive the complete strike
- Parry and deflect fully
- Then enter behind
- Solid, clear stages
Ki no Nagare variations:
- Begin movement earlier
- Blend with strike
- More flowing, less staged
- See: Iriminage - Yokomenuchi Ki no Nagare (1)
Training Progression
Learn kihon first because:
- Shows clear mechanics
- Builds proper angles
- Establishes correct hand positions
- Foundation for flowing variations
Comparison to Shomenuchi Iriminage
Similarities
- Both enter deeply behind opponent
- Both grab collar from behind
- Both use same throwing mechanism
- Both require pulling collar to chest
Differences
| Aspect | Shomenuchi | Yokomenuchi |
|---|---|---|
| Strike direction | Straight overhead | Diagonal to side |
| Initial response | Atemi to side | Parry and face strike |
| Entry foot | Right foot first | Left foot first |
| Hand that cuts down | Right hand | Right hand |
| Critical teaching | Tachidori mindset | From above, never below |
Both share fundamental irimi principle but adapt to different attack angles.
Training Progression
Kotai (εΊδ½ - Solid Practice)
- Partner completes full yokomenuchi strike
- Practice proper parry from above
- Build correct footwork pattern
- Understand the dead angle positioning
Jutai (ζδ½ - Soft Practice)
- Partner strikes with committed energy
- Begin to unify parry-strike-entry
- Feel the triangular movement (irimi-tenkan)
- Smooth transition from deflection to throw
Ryutai (ζ΅δ½ - Flowing Practice)
- See Ki no Nagare variations
- Parry and entry become one motion
- Can adapt timing based on partner's energy
Related Techniques
Other Yokomenuchi Iriminage
- Iriminage - Yokomenuchi Ki no Nagare (1) - Flowing version
- Iriminage - Yokomenuchi Ki no Nagare (2) - Alternative flowing entry
Same Entry, Different Techniques
- Ikkyo - Yokomenuchi - Same entry, pin instead of throw
- Nikyo - Yokomenuchi - Same entry, wrist pin
- Shihonage - Yokomenuchi - Same entry, four-direction throw
All share the fundamental yokomenuchi response from Budo.
Other Iriminage Attacks
- Iriminage - Shomenuchi - Fundamental straight entry
- Iriminage - Tsuki - From punch
Sources
Primary Sources
- Takemusu Aikido Volume 2 (Pages 164-165): Complete step-by-step with numbered photos
- Budo (1938, Page 23): O-Sensei's original description of yokomenuchi response
- Takemusu Aikido Volume 1 (Page 94): Hand position principle for all yokomenuchi
Universal Principle
- Takemusu Aikido Volume 6 (Page 3142): "All basic yokomenuchi techniques...begin in this manner"
Training Method
- Takemusu Aikido Volume 2 (Introduction): Four levels of practice (kotai, jutai, ryutai, kitai)
Cross-References
Yokomenuchi Family
All yokomenuchi techniques in the curriculum share this fundamental entry:
- Pins (ikkyo through gokyo)
- Throws (shihonage, iriminage, kotegaeshi, kaitennage)
- All use the parry-and-strike entry
- All require approaching from above
Hand Position Principle
The "from above, never below" teaching applies to:
- All yokomenuchi techniques (explicitly stated)
- Implicitly to shomenuchi as well
- Derived from sword defense reality
Notes
Why Yokomenuchi Is Fundamental
Yokomenuchi is one of the primary training attacks because:
- Represents realistic sword strike (kesagiri)
- Common angle in actual combat
- Teaches triangular movement (irimi-tenkan)
- Foundation for understanding angles and dead zones
The Tegatana Concept
O-Sensei's use of "tegatana" (ζε) in Budo is significant:
- ζ (te) = hand
- ε (katana) = sword
- Literally "hand-sword"
This emphasizes that empty-hand training is sword training. The movements, angles, and principles are identical.
Universal Entry Across Techniques
The fact that all yokomenuchi techniques "begin in this manner" shows:
- Efficiency of training
- Underlying unity of aikido
- Sword principles as foundation
- Economy of movement
You learn one entry, you have the key to dozens of techniques.
From Above, Never Below
This teaching appears repeatedly in Saito Sensei's writings for good reason:
- It's a common beginner mistake
- It has serious consequences (in sword context: death)
- It applies universally to yokomenuchi work
- It demonstrates proper understanding of angles
This is not a minor detail but a fundamental principle.
Integration with Kotegaeshi and Shihonage
Saito Sensei notes that yokomenuchi iriminage shares body movement with:
- Yokomenuchi shihonage
- Yokomenuchi kotegaeshi nagare
All three use the same entering pattern because they're based on the same sword-defense principle. This is the beauty of systematic training: master one movement pattern, apply it to multiple techniques.