Kotegaeshi - Yokomenuchi - Standing
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Japanese | ε°ζθΏγ ζ¨ͺι’ζγ‘η«γ‘ζ |
| Translation | Wrist-return throw from side strike, standing |
| Classification | Nage-waza (Throwing techniques) > Kotegaeshi series > Striking attack variations |
Overview
Yokomenuchi Kotegaeshi is kotegaeshi applied from a diagonal strike to the side of the head. When the opponent strikes diagonally with their right hand toward the left side of your head, you deflect from above, capture their striking hand, turn it outward, and execute kotegaeshi. This teaches the principle of always deflecting from above in yokomenuchi attacks.
This technique demonstrates how kotegaeshi principle adapts to diagonal strikes while maintaining the same core mechanics.
Historical Context
From Takemusu Aikido Volume 3
Saito Sensei emphasizes that in yokomenuchi attacks, you must always deflect from above, never from below. This is a universal yokomenuchi principle that applies across all techniques - ikkyo, nikkyo, sankyo, yonkyo, and kotegaeshi.
Step-by-Step Instructions
Source: Takemusu Aikido Volume 3, Pages 24-27
[1] Initial Strike
- Your partner executes a yokomenuchi strike with her right hand
[2] Deflect from Above
- Deflect her striking hand from above with your right hand
- Step forward with your left foot to the outside
Critical principle: Always from above, never from below
[3] Grab and Control
- Grab your partner's right hand with your right hand
- Your right hand grabs from above with four fingers on the back of her hand and your thumb on her palm
Same grip: Four fingers on back, thumb on palm
[4] Step Behind and Rotate
- Step deeply behind your partner with your right foot to her right rear corner
- Turn your partner's hand outward (external wrist rotation)
- Raise both hands above your forehead
Dead angle: Behind and controlling
[5] [6] Cut Down and Throw
- Cut down with both hands as though cutting with a sword
- Step forward with your left foot
- Throw your partner backward
Kuden (ε£δΌ) - Oral Teachings
Always From Above, Never From Below
From Volume 3 (Page 24):
"In yokomenuchi, you should always strike your attacking partner's hand down from above, never from below (photo β·). This is also the case for ikkyo, nikkyo, sankyo, and yonkyo."
This is universal yokomenuchi principle:
- All yokomenuchi techniques
- Same requirement
- From above = control
- From below = vulnerable
Why from above?:
- Superior position
- Can't be struck
- Controls their arm
- Sword principle
Why not from below?:
- Vulnerable to their hand
- Can be hit
- Poor control
- Against sword principle
Same Core Kotegaeshi
After deflection and capture:
- Same four fingers/thumb grip
- Same outward rotation
- Same dead angle entry
- Same cutting throw
Difference only in:
- Diagonal deflection angle
- Step timing
- Entry angle
- Core principle identical
Riai (ηε) - Sword Connection
Deflecting Diagonal Sword Cut
Yokomenuchi represents:
- Diagonal sword cut (θ’θ£εγ - kesa-giri)
- Diagonal line from shoulder to opposite hip
- Common sword attack
- Must deflect from above
Never Receive from Below
In sword combat:
- Receiving from below = sword cuts you
- Always meet blade from above
- Deflect downward
- Superior blade position
Empty-hand follows same:
- Hand like sword
- Deflect from above
- Superior position
- Can't be struck
Capturing the Sword Hand
After deflecting diagonal cut:
- Sword hand extended
- Grab wrist to control blade
- Turn to remove weapon
- Same as kotegaeshi principle
The Dead Angle
Stepping behind opponent:
- They can't see you
- Can't counter-cut
- You control their sword hand
- Dead angle (shikaku)
Technical Details
The Incoming Strike
Photo βΆ:
- Partner strikes yokomenuchi
- Right hand diagonal
- Toward left side of your head
- Full commitment
Deflecting from Above
Photo β·:
- Right hand deflects from above
- Strikes their hand downward
- Left foot steps forward to outside
- Body angle safe
From above:
- Hand comes down on theirs
- Superior position
- Powerful deflection
- Can't be countered
The Grip
Photo βΈ:
- Right hand grabs their right hand
- Four fingers on back of hand
- Thumb on palm
- Same grip as all kotegaeshi
Continuous:
- Deflection flows into grab
- No pause
- Smooth transition
- One motion
Stepping Behind
Photo βΉ:
- Right foot steps deep behind
- To their right rear corner
- Turn hand outward
- Raise both hands above forehead
Dead angle achieved:
- Behind them
- They can't see
- Can't reach
- Complete control
The Throw
Photo βΊβ»:
- Cut down as though cutting with sword
- Left foot steps through
- They fall backward
- Standard kotegaeshi completion
Common Mistakes
1. Deflecting from Below
- Error: Bringing hand up from below to deflect
- Correction: "From above, never from below"
- Danger: Can be struck by their hand
- Universal: Same for all yokomenuchi
2. Not Stepping Outside
- Error: Staying in line with strike
- Correction: Step to outside with left foot
- Safety: Outside is safe position
- Angle: Creates entry angle
3. Blocking Instead of Deflecting
- Error: Meeting force with force
- Correction: Deflect downward from above
- Principle: Use their energy
- Quality: Light deflection, not hard block
4. Wrong Wrist Grip
- Error: Not using standard grip
- Correction: Four fingers on back, thumb on palm
- Consistency: All kotegaeshi use same grip
- Control: Grip determines effectiveness
5. Not Reaching Dead Angle
- Error: Staying beside them
- Correction: Step deeply behind
- Position: Right rear corner
- Safety: Dead angle protects you
6. Low Hands
- Error: Not raising above forehead
- Correction: "Above your forehead"
- Power: Height enables cutting
- Universal: All kotegaeshi require this
7. Pushing Instead of Cutting
- Error: Pushing their hand down
- Correction: Cut down "as though cutting with sword"
- Quality: Cutting engages whole body
- Principle: Sword mechanics
8. Pausing After Deflection
- Error: Deflect, pause, then grab
- Correction: Deflection flows into grab
- Continuous: One smooth motion
- Timing: No gaps for counter
Training Progression
Kotai (εΊδ½ - Solid Practice)
- Partner strikes clearly, deliberately
- Practice deflection from above
- Build proper stepping
- Develop wrist control
- Clear stages
Jutai (ζδ½ - Soft Practice)
- Partner increases strike speed
- Deflection becomes smoother
- Coordinate multiple actions
- Build natural flow
- Maintain structure
Ryutai (ζ΅δ½ - Flowing Practice)
- Full-speed strikes
- Continuous motion
- No pauses
- Natural response
- Integrated technique
Kitai (ζ°δ½ - Ki/Spirit Practice)
- Minimal deflection
- Natural timing
- Full effect with light touch
- Advanced expression
Related Techniques
Other Yokomenuchi Responses
From yokomenuchi deflection:
- Ikkyo - First control
- Nikkyo - Second control
- Sankyo - Third control
- Yonkyo - Fourth control
- Kotegaeshi - This technique
- Shihonage - Four-direction throw
- Iriminage - Entering throw
All share: deflect from above, never from below.
Other Kotegaeshi
- Kotegaeshi - Katatedori - Basic foundation
- Kotegaeshi - Shomenuchi - Overhead strike
- Kotegaeshi - Tsuki - Straight punch
- Kotegaeshi - Morotedori - Two-on-one grab
All share kotegaeshi principle.
Yokomenuchi Universal Principle
The "from above, never from below" applies to:
- Ikkyo
- Nikkyo
- Sankyo
- Yonkyo
- Kotegaeshi
- All yokomenuchi techniques
This is fundamental yokomenuchi principle.
Sources
Primary Sources
- Takemusu Aikido Volume 3 (Pages 24-27): Complete yokomenuchi kotegaeshi with explicit emphasis on "from above, never from below"
Notes
The Universal Yokomenuchi Principle
"From above, never from below":
- Applies to ALL yokomenuchi
- Not just kotegaeshi
- Ikkyo, nikkyo, sankyo, yonkyo
- Universal requirement
Why universal?:
- Sword principle
- Superior position
- Safety
- Control
This shows:
- Principles transcend techniques
- Same fundamental rule
- Applies across all variations
- Unified system
Why From Above Matters
From above:
- Your hand higher than theirs
- Deflect downward
- They can't strike you
- You can strike them
- Superior position
From below:
- Your hand lower
- Trying to lift their strike
- They can hit you
- Vulnerable
- Inferior position
In sword terms:
- Above = your blade over theirs
- Can cut them
- They can't cut you
- Fundamental principle
Diagonal vs. Overhead
Shomenuchi (overhead):
- Vertical strike
- Deflect to side
- Forward entry
Yokomenuchi (diagonal):
- Diagonal strike
- Deflect from above downward
- Outside entry
Both:
- Same kotegaeshi after capture
- Different deflection angles
- Same principle
- Unified technique
The Continuous Flow
Deflection to capture must be continuous:
- Deflect strikes down
- Hand follows down
- Grabs as it passes
- One motion
If there's pause:
- They can recover
- Pull hand back
- Strike with other hand
- Technique fails
Continuity is key:
- Smooth flow
- No gaps
- Natural motion
- Effective technique
Yokomenuchi Teaches Angles
Practicing yokomenuchi teaches:
- Working with diagonal angles
- Deflecting from above
- Maintaining superior position
- Circular entry
These skills apply to:
- All diagonal attacks
- Real combat situations
- Sword defense
- Complete training
Same Core, Different Entry
Once you have the hand:
- Exactly same as katatedori
- Same as shomenuchi
- Same grip, rotation, throw
- Universal principle
This reinforces:
- Core principle constant
- Entries adapt to attack
- Principle doesn't change
- Master one, apply many
Stepping Outside
Left foot to outside:
- Safe from strike
- Creates entry angle
- Sets up dead angle entry
- Standard yokomenuchi response
This is same across:
- All yokomenuchi techniques
- Ikkyo, nikkyo, etc.
- Kotegaeshi, shihonage
- Universal movement
Height Above Forehead
Same requirement as all kotegaeshi:
- Raise above forehead
- Not shoulder level
- Not chest level
- Must be high
This never changes:
- Katatedori, shomenuchi, yokomenuchi
- All require high hands
- Creates cutting power
- Universal principle
Integration with Other Techniques
Learning yokomenuchi kotegaeshi helps:
- All yokomenuchi techniques
- Reinforces "from above" principle
- Builds diagonal deflection skill
- Completes kotegaeshi family
Together with:
- Katatedori (basic)
- Shomenuchi (overhead)
- Tsuki (straight)
- Complete understanding
The Sword Mindset
Treating yokomenuchi as sword cut:
- Diagonal blade descending
- Must deflect from above
- Capture sword hand
- Disarm and throw
This mindset:
- Clarifies technique
- Explains requirements
- Deepens practice
- Reveals purpose
Deflection Quality
The deflection should be:
- From above (position)
- Downward (direction)
- Decisive (quality)
- Light but effective (force)
Not:
- Hesitant
- Tentative
- Too soft
- Too hard
Just right:
- Clear deflection
- Strikes their hand down
- Flows into capture
- Effective and efficient
Common Training Error
Many students:
- Deflect timidly
- Don't strike hand down clearly
- Poor angle Correction:
- Decisive deflection from above
- Strike their hand down
- Clear and strong
- But not brutal
Balance:
- Effective deflection
- Smooth flow
- Partner safe
- Technique clear
Application Beyond Training
While trained against formal yokomenuchi:
- Principle applies to any diagonal strike
- Hook punches
- Diagonal weapon attacks
- Haymakers
- Real application
Training form teaches:
- Universal diagonal deflection
- Superior position principle
- Applicable broadly
- Complete martial skill